Niyamey solar container outdoor power still uses lithium iron phosphate

Why are lithium iron phosphate cathodes gaining popularity?

Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathodes are gaining popularity because of their safety features, long lifespan, and the availability of raw materials. Understanding the supply chain from mine to battery-grade precursors is critical for ensuring sustainable and scalable production.

Is phosphorus sustainable in the LFP battery supply chain?

The sustainability of phosphorus in the LFP battery supply chain is emphasized as being dependent on securing long-term supply resilience, reducing competition with agriculture, and promoting circular strategies such as cross-sector recycling and recovery .

Can ferrophosphorus be used to produce battery-grade FEPO 4 2H 2 O?

In a study, Me et al. used ferrophosphorus, a by-product of P 4 production, to produce battery-grade FePO 4 •2H 2 O. Utilizing such by-products enhances resource efficiency and supports more sustainable production pathways. This process is shown in Fig. 4 with a grey line and will be discussed in detail in Section 3.1.

How gypsum slurry is stored?

The gypsum slurry is stored, and the acidic filtrate continues through cooling and concentration steps. WPA typically contains 26–30 % P 2 O 5, but for fertilizer production, it is often concentrated to 40–55 % P 2 O 5 using two or three vacuum evaporators [93, 94].